Report About Mechanical Waves free essay sample

Mechanical Waves Background Mechanical waves are waves which require a medium for propagation since energy is transferred via the motion of the medium. An example of a mechanical wave is sound. Transverse waves are waves which vibrate perpendicular to their direction of propagation. Surface water waves can be classified as a transverse wave. All electromagnetic waves are also examples of transverse waves. A longitudinal wave is a wave in which its particles vibrate parallel to their direction of propagation. Sound waves, earthquake waves and tsunami waves are examples of longitudinal waves. Some terms to be considered are: Wavelength: the distance between two successive identical points Frequency: number of waves that pass through a fixed point in a second Amplitude: maximum displacement that particles can move to and from their equilibrium position Crest: Highest points of a wave Trough: Lowest points of a wave Aim: To observe the transmission of waves in a slinky, rope and water surfaces Hypothesis: The more energy applied to a specific object, the longer the wave will last Results/Observations: Waves in a slinky: * The more force applied to the slink resulted in more particles being able to propagate through the wave * The closer the slinky are to each other, the faster the wave will travel Waves in a rope: * As more energy is applied onto the rope, the wave will last longer and not cease. We will write a custom essay sample on Report About Mechanical Waves or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As a result, the amplitude measured is much larger when compared with a small energy. Water surface waves * The more force applied to the tap onto the wave, the wave travelled faster and had a longer duration Discussion: As seen throughout the three experiments, the more energy that is applied onto the object, the result is much larger amplitude. Hence, the wave will last longer. With the increase in energy applied, the other result will also be in a higher frequency. Conclusion: From these three similar experiments, we have found out that as more energy is applied to the wave (frequency increases), the wavelength will decrease and vice versa. This means that frequency and wavelength are indirectly proportional to each other. Thus, proving the hypothesis correct.

The correlation between waste management strategies in onshore oil and gas operations and the overall environmental responsibilities of oil companies The WritePass Journal

The correlation between waste management strategies in onshore oil and gas operations and the overall environmental responsibilities of oil companies Problem Statement and Research Objective The correlation between waste management strategies in onshore oil and gas operations and the overall environmental responsibilities of oil companies ]. HM Government. (1994) Sustainable Development: The UK Strategy, London, HMSO. IPCC. (2007) Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report, IPCC Fourth Assessment Report, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, [Online] Available: ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/syr/en/main.html [12 February, 2013]. Pongracz, E. Phillips, P. S. and Keiski, R. L. (2004) Evolving the Theory of Waste Management – Implications to Waste Minimisation, [Online] Available: www.oulu.fi/resopt/wasmin/pongracz5.pdf [15 February, 2013]. Sevilla, C. G. et al, (2007) Research Methods, Rex Bookstore. Philippine Copyright.

How new are the 'new wars' Evaluate Kaldor's thesis with respect to Essay

How new are the 'new wars' Evaluate Kaldor's thesis with respect to both the newness of the empirical trends she identifies and - Essay Example Mary Kaldor coined the term new war in her 1999 book ‘New and Old Wars’. Kaldor’s new war thesis is the most widely acknowledged in the new war debates. Kaldor described new war â€Å"as being increasingly fought over new identities rather ideologies, by non-state combatants rather than regular state armies, engaging in attacks on the civilian population rather than direct military encounters, and undermining rather than building the sate† (Rigterink 2012, n.p.). The thesis has been critics savaged especially on the empirical ground. This paper evaluates the Kaldor’s thesis with respect to the newness of the empirical trends identified in trying to answer that question whether new war are really new. The two world wars especially the Second World War made it necessary that globally systems be put in place to address any inter- states conflicts and civil wars. There has been a large success in addressing inter-states conflicts and wars, but clearly co nflicts and violence has not been banished (World Bank 2011, cited in Kaldor 2013). The increase of different actors in wars: criminal gangs, mercenary groups, local warlords and paramilitary units only contribute to make wars more complex (Kaldor 2006, p.9). The emerging trend of new wars is characterized by increased violence and a higher ratio of civilian to the military casualties. Munkler (2002, p. 15) adds that the new wars are â€Å"more bloody than any other kind of war since 1945.† According to Kaldor (2006, p.9), the ratio of civilians to military combats have increased from 1:8 in old wars to about 8:1in the new wars. In her article, In defense of new wars, Kaldor says that new wars are a means to elucidating the logic of contemporary war with the aim of offering a research strategy and guide to policy (Kaldor 2013). She argues that new wars need not be looked only in terms of its empirical basis; otherwise, truth will be lost. She, however, agrees that some of the critics are indeed valid but then the existence of new wars should not be lost so that the political elements of the wars can be addressed (Kaldor 2013). How new is the new war thesis? Kadlor argues that the wars we are experiencing today are indeed different in character from the old interstate wars. She gives a distinction between the old and the new war with respect to a complex of non-state actors; irregular participants and fighting; violence targeting civilians; prevalence of identity politics; widespread criminality; absence of centralized states directions; and transnational networks participation in providing financing, soldiers, and weapons (Kaldor 2006). Critics, however, argue that there is nothing new about the stated elements that indeed all have been experienced in various past conflicts. The truth is that the elements described are not entirely new but what Kadlor intended in proposing the new war thesis was that new strategy need to be embraced in researching the p resent conflicts and in policymaking (Kadlor, 2013). Critics, for example, that the states are being involved in today’s war will misses the point of the new war logic, since the new war thesis only offers input that a new trend of non-state actors are being drawn into the war without refuting the fact that states actors are still operation. Therefore, it would be important that one concludes that though new war have emerged it does not imply that the old forms of wars are no longer in play.